Contribution of Human Resource Management to the Performance of the Expanded Program on Immunization in Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Mixed-Methods Study (March–July 2025)
Abstract
Introduction
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a cornerstone of public health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), yet its performance remains suboptimal in many regions. Human resource management (HRM) is widely recognized as a critical determinant of health program performance. This study analyzed the contribution of HRM to EPI performance in Mbandaka, Équateur Province, from March to July 2025.
Methods
A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 EPI stakeholders in Mbandaka, including 45 vaccinators, 20 health center chiefs, 15 supervisors, and 15 community health workers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and direct observation. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 25. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.
Results
Among vaccinators, 100% had received EPI training, but 59% felt training only moderately improved their skills. Supervision was regular for 71% of vaccinators, and 96% reported that supervision improved their work performance. However, 60% of supervisors reported that personnel were insufficiently motivated, and 80% observed demotivation or absenteeism. While 84% of vaccinators considered their facility had sufficient staff, 52% of health center chiefs reported staff shortages. HRM factors influencing EPI performance were training (31%), motivation (25%), staffing levels (24%), and supervision (14%). The majority of respondents (93–96%) affirmed that HRM significantly influences EPI performance.
Conclusion
HRM plays a determinant role in EPI performance in Mbandaka. Training, motivation, staffing levels, and supervision are key drivers. However, persistent challenges include insufficient motivation, occasional staff shortages, and equipment deficits. Strengthening HRM through regular training, effective motivation mechanisms, adequate staffing, and systematic supervision is essential for improving EPI outcomes.
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How to cite
Mangi Mputu, C. (2026). Contribution of Human Resource Management to the Performance of the Expanded Program on Immunization in Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Mixed-Methods Study (March–July 2025). SDF Journal of Public Health. https://sfoundation.one/articles/sdf-2026-0033-contribution-of-human-resource-management-to-the-performance-of-the-ex