Impact of Vaccination Campaigns on Immunization Coverage and Reduction of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Mixed-Methods Study (2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly in Mbandaka, vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and polio continue to pose significant threats due to suboptimal immunization coverage. This study evaluated the impact of vaccination campaigns on immunization coverage and the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases in Mbandaka in 2024.
Methods
A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2024 in Mbandaka city. A sample of 420 parents or guardians of children under five years old was selected using stratified random sampling across three health zones (Bolenge, Mbandaka, and Wangata). Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with health workers, and secondary data from health center records. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests (SPSS version 25). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results
Among 420 respondents, the majority were female (82%), aged ≥30 years (74%), and had secondary education (55%). Vaccination coverage among children under five was 67%. The most well-known vaccine was polio (35%). While 71% of parents believed in vaccine efficacy, 28% expressed fears, primarily related to fever (75%). Participation in vaccination campaigns was 76%, with the polio (VPO) campaign being the most cited (28%). The main reasons for non-vaccination were fear of side effects (44%), lack of information (30%), and distance (26%). Possession of vaccination cards was high (79%). Major barriers to full immunization included lack of information (37%), side effect concerns (25%), and work constraints (18%). A significant association was found between parental education level and vaccination status (p < 0.001), as well as between employment status and participation in campaigns (p < 0.001).
Discussion
The study demonstrates that vaccination campaigns have significantly improved immunization coverage in Mbandaka, with 67% coverage and 76% campaign participation. However, coverage remains below the WHO-recommended threshold of 80% for herd immunity. Parental fears, particularly of fever, and information gaps persist as major barriers. These findings align with previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa. The high possession of vaccination cards (79%) indicates good record-keeping but also highlights missed opportunities for catch-up vaccination.
Conclusion
Vaccination campaigns in Mbandaka have had a positive impact on immunization coverage and the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, achieving optimal coverage requires strengthening community sensitization, improving health worker communication, addressing parental fears, and enhancing logistical support. Targeted interventions for unemployed parents and those with lower education levels are urgently needed.
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How to cite
Bianga Mbaka, M. (2026). Impact of Vaccination Campaigns on Immunization Coverage and Reduction of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Mixed-Methods Study (2024). SDF Journal of Public Health. https://sfoundation.one/articles/sdf-2026-0027-impact-of-vaccination-campaigns-on-immunization-coverage-and-reduction