Factors Associated with Tetanus Among Patients at Wangata General Referral Hospital, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study (2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani, remains a preventable but persistent public health problem in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In Mbandaka, cases continue to occur at Wangata General Referral Hospital, suggesting the presence of local risk factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with tetanus among patients at this hospital.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to December 2024 at Wangata General Referral Hospital, Mbandaka. Participants included 60 healthcare providers and 120 tetanus patients selected through exhaustive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 25. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Among healthcare providers, 100% recognized tetanus as vaccine-preventable, but only 55% correctly identified the bacterial agent. Vaccine stockouts were reported for tetanus toxoid (15%) and antitoxin serum (33%). Among 120 tetanus patients, 59% had received at least one vaccine dose, but only 14% completed the recommended four-dose schedule; 58% had never received boosters. The majority (83%) had a recent wound, with 51% delaying consultation beyond 48 hours. Traditional wound care was used by 33%, and 57% lacked access to potable water. Unemployment (72%), rural residence (53%), and difficult healthcare access (66%) were common. Insufficient staff training (35%) and lack of antitoxin serum (22%) were the main barriers reported by providers.
Conclusion
Tetanus in Mbandaka is associated with incomplete vaccination, delayed healthcare seeking, traditional wound practices, and socioeconomic vulnerability. Strengthening routine vaccination, ensuring uninterrupted supply of vaccines and antitoxin serum, training healthcare providers, and community sensitization on wound hygiene and early consultation are urgently needed.
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How to cite
Mbompongi Monguya, D. (2026). Factors Associated with Tetanus Among Patients at Wangata General Referral Hospital, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study (2024). SDF Journal of Public Health. https://sfoundation.one/articles/sdf-2026-0022-factors-associated-with-tetanus-among-patients-at-wangata-general-refe