Active Community Participation and the Success of Sanitation Projects: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Mama Balako Health Area, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo (2025)
Abstract
Introduction
Inadequate sanitation remains a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Community participation is often presented as a lever for sustainability, but its measurable effects are poorly documented in disadvantaged urban settings, particularly in Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Objective
To assess the association between active community participation and the success (ownership, functionality of infrastructures, reduction of waterborne diseases) of a sanitation project in the Mama Balako health area in 2025.
Methods
A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 households selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and direct observation of infrastructures were used. Success criteria included: possession of improved latrines, functionality of facilities, community management, and reported waterborne diseases. Bivariate analyses (relative risk, absolute risk reduction, number needed to treat) were performed.
Results
Only 52% of households actively participated in sanitation activities. Improved latrines were present in 58% of participating households versus 22% among non-participants (RR = 2.64 for equipment in participants). Non-participating households reported 77% water-related diseases versus 44% among participants (RR = 1.75; relative risk reduction = 43%; number needed to treat = 3). Infrastructures under community management were functional in 72% of cases versus 29% for those without community management (absolute difference = 43 percentage points).
Conclusion
Active community participation is strongly associated with better access to improved latrines, lower waterborne morbidity, and greater infrastructure sustainability. Rejection of the null hypothesis confirms that community involvement is a key determinant of the success of sanitation projects.
Keywords
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How to cite
Lompika Mpia, P. (2026). Active Community Participation and the Success of Sanitation Projects: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Mama Balako Health Area, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo (2025). SDF Journal of Public Health. https://sfoundation.one/articles/sdf-2026-0009-active-community-participation-and-the-success-of-sanitation-projects